【马来西亚头痛治疗】治疗头痛可以不用吃药

据美国《新闻周刊》3月13日报道，

美国医疗体系开始运用“生物反馈”和“EEG biofeedback脑波反馈疗法”等方法，治疗偏头痛，让患者不吃药就能看到明显疗效。 

生物反馈疗法是一种安全的治疗方法，适用于那些因紧张、睡眠紊乱等原因引起的偏头痛。 

在接受生物反馈治疗时，病人遵循电脑发出的指令，学会调节自己身体状态。比如，调节皮肤温度、肌肉力度及脉搏等，从而减轻疼痛，缓解压力。美国马萨诸塞总医院的专家认为，生物反馈疗法主要是减轻患者神经系统的压力、使病人感到放松与安定，这对治疗偏头痛非常奏效。美国新奥尔良头疼中心的专家表示，85%—90％的慢性偏头痛患者，接受生物反馈疗法后效果非常好，同时这还可帮助病人摆脱药物依赖。 

EEG biofeedback脑波反馈疗法与生物反馈疗法相似，

但是通过调节脑电波，帮助患者摆脱偏头痛。 

这是一项无痛，无副作用，安全和非侵入性的科学治疗方法。

进行神经反馈治疗看上去像在玩电子游戏或看电影。患者在医师指导下，把那无痛的电子传感器贴在耳垂和头皮上，用脑电波来启动电脑上的游戏程序。当“好”脑电波明显增加时，屏幕就会显示优秀的信号，并给实验者一些奖励。当“坏”脑电波增强时，游戏或电影速度就会减慢甚至停止。经过一定的训练后，病人的脑神经系统就能逐渐学会使用那些好脑电波，来对付那些可能引发头痛的坏脑电波。神经反馈疗法一般需要进行20—40次，每次30-60分钟。专家认为，EEG biofeedback脑波反馈疗法能达到永久治愈的目的。 

新奥尔良的伊丽莎白被偏头疼折磨已经30年。3年前，接受了生物反馈疗法后，就再也没有犯过病。她说：“生物反馈疗法让我摆脱了所有的止疼片，还教会我放松的技巧。我现在感觉好极了。

在马来西亚，你也可以找到EEG biofeedback治疗，

但效果视乎不同的EEG biofeedback系统而定。

推荐大家使用临床上与科学研究上普遍使用的international 10/20 system(EEG biofeedback system). 在Newmindcentre.com的治疗师们使用的也是international 10/20 system。

EEG Biofeedback for PAIN AND HEADACHE

EEG Biofeedback for PAIN AND HEADACHE meets all of the criteria for Level 4: Efficacious 

EFFICACY LEVELS

Explanation of Efficacy Levels

Biofeedback and neurofeedback therapies have continued to develop over the last 40 years. Today there are myriad disorders for which is used. Large research grants have funded studies on neurofeedback therapy for a variety of disorders. These studies consistently report positive results.

In 2001, a Task Force of the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback and the Society for Neuronal Regulation developed guidelines for the evaluation of the clinical efficacy of psychophysiological interventions. The board of directors of both organizations subsequently approved these guidelines.

A low efficacy rating does not mindicate that neurofeedback is not effective for the disorder, only that an insufficient number of studies have been completed for conclusive results. 

Level 1: Not Empirically Supported

Supported only by anecdotal reports and/or case studies in nonpeer-reviewed venues. Not empirically supported.

Level 2: Possibly Efficacious

At least one study of sufficient statistical power with well-identified outcome measures but lacking randomized assignment to a control condition internal to the study.

Level 3: Probably Efficacious

 Multiple observational studies, clinical studies, wait-list controlled studies, and within-subject and intrasubject replication studies that demonstrate efficacy.

Level 4: Efficacious

a. In a comparison with a no-treatment control group, alternative treatment group, or sham (placebo) control utilizing randomized assignment, the investigational treatment is shown to be statistically significantly superior to the control condition, or the investigational treatment is equivalent to a treatment of established efficacy in a study with sufficient power to detect moderate differences, and

b. The studies have been conducted with a population treated for a specific problem, for whom inclusion criteria are delineated in a reliable, operationally defined manner, and

c. The study used valid and clearly specified outcome measures related to the problem being treated, and

d. The data are subjected to appropriate data analysis, and

e. The diagnostic and treatment variables and procedures are clearly defined in a manner that

permits replication of the study by independent researchers, and

f. The superiority or equivalence of the investigational treatment has been shown in at least two independent research settings.

Level 5: Efficacious and Specific

Evidence for Level 5 efficacy meets all of the criteria for Level 4. In addition, the investigational treatment has been shown to be statistically superior to credible sham therapy, pill, or alternative bonafide treatment in at least two independent research settings.

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Research studies:

Bazanova, O.M., Aftanas, L.I. (2010).Individual EEG alpha activity analysis for enhancement neurofeedback efficiency: Two case studies.  Journal of Neurotherapy14(3), 244 – 253.

Coger, R., & Werbach, M. (1975). Attention, anxiety, and the effects of learned enhancement of EEG alpha in chronic pain: A pilot study in biofeedback. Chapter in B. L. Drue, Jr. (Ed.), Pain Research and Treatment. New York: Academic Press.

Gannon, L., & Sternbach, R. A. (1971). Alpha enhancement as a treatment for pain: A case study. Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 2, 209-213.

Ham, L. P., & Packard, R. C. (1996). A retrospective, follow-up study of biofeedback-assisted relaxation therapy in patients with posttraumatic headache. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 21(2), 93-104.

Jensen, M.P., Sherlin, L.H., Hakimian, S., Fregni, F. (2009). Neuromodulatory approaches for chronic pain management: Research findings and clinical implications.Journal of Neurotherapy 13(4), 196 – 213.

Jensen, M. P., Grierson, C., Tracy-Smith, V., Bacigalupi, S. C., Othmer, S. (2007).  Neurofeedback treatment for pain associated with complex regional pain syndrome. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(1), 45-53. 

Lehmann, D., Lang, W., & Debruyne, P. (1976). Controlled EEG alpha feedback training in normals and headache patients. Archives of Psychiatry, 221, 331-343.

Matthew, A., Mishm, H., & Kumamiah, V. (1987). Alpha feedback in the treatment of tension headache. Journal of Personality & Clinical Studies, 3(1), 17-22.

McKenzie, R., Ehrisman, W., Montgomery, P. S., & Barnes, R. H. (1974). The treatment of headache by means of electroencephalographic biofeedback. Headache, 13, 164-172.

Pelletier, K. R., & Pepper, E. (1977). Developing a biofeedback model: Alpha EEG feedback as a means for pain control. International Journal of Clinical & Experimental Hypnosis, 25, 361-371.

Rosenfeld, J. P., Dowman, R., Heinricher, N., & Silvia, R. (1984). Operantly controlled somatosensory evoked potentials: Specific effects on pain processes. Chapter in B. Rockstroh, T. Elbert, W. Lutzenberger, & N. Birbaumer (Eds.), Self-Regulation of the Brain and Behavior. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 164-179.

Rosenfeld, J. P., Silvia, R.,Weitkunat, R., & Dowman, R. (1985). Operant control of human somatosensory evoked potentials alters experimental pain perception. Chapter in H. L. Fields, R. Dubner, & F. Cervero (Eds.), Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Volume 9: Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress on Pain. New York: Raven Press, 343-349.

Sime, A. (2004). Case study of trigeminal neuralgia using neurofeedback and peripheral biofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(1), 59-71.

Siniatchkin, M., Hierundar, A., Kropp, P., Kuhnert, R., Gerber, W-D., & Stephani, U. (2000). Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in children with migraine: An exploratory study. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 25(1), 13-32.

Tansey, M. A. (1991). A neurobiological treatment for migraine: The response of four cases of migraine to EEG biofeedback training. Headache Quarterly: Current Treatment & Research, 90-96.

Source: http://www.brainworksneurotherapy.com/efficacy-levels